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Documentation of statistics: Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD)

Contact info, Science, Technology and Culture, Business Statistics , David Boysen Jensen , +45 61 50 73 82 , DBY@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2023 , Previous versions, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2022, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2021, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2020, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2019, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2017, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2016, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2015, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2014, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2013, Business Enterprise Research and Development (BERD) 2012, The purpose of the R&D statistics of the enterprise sector is to analyse the scope of research and experimental development undertaken within the sector. This is carried out by estimating the resources used in the area, measured in R&D-expenditure and R&D-personnel broken down on industry, size class and the regional level. The survey is conducted in accordance with OECDs guidelines for R&D statistics as described in the Frascati Manual. The Danish data are comparable with the data of other OECD- and EU-countries. , Statistical presentation, The purpose of the R&D statistics is to present the scope of research and experimental development undertaken within the Danish business sector. The aim is to secure detailed statistical information on the R&D activities., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, The statistics is based on a survey sample of approx. 3.500 units weighted to a frame of approximately 23,000 enterprises. The statistics is compiled in one joint questionnaire which covers both the R&D domain and the innovation statistics. An extensive validation process of the data is carried out. One part of the validations is integrated in the data collection in the dynamic web-questionnaire, another part is carried out after the data collection using micro- and macro validation techniques., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, Statistics have users in ministry of science, business organizations, researchers, business and students. Statistics are used in publications on research and in international comparisons. R&D statistics is describing the knowledge society. Part of the EU's Innovations Union Scoreboard. Micro-data is available for research through Research Service at Statistics Denmark., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, To minimize errors the questionnaires are supported with guidelines and instructions. However some data reports are not error-free and may reflect misinterpretations from the respondents which can lead to certain errors., Coefficients of variance (CV) have been compiled for a range of central indicators., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The statistics is normally published no later than 12 months after the end of the reference year. Statistics with reference year 2023 was published 1. April 2025. , Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The statistics is compiled according to the guidelines of the Frascati Manual and the EU Regulation. There are no other comparable Danish R&D-statistics, but the Danish statistics is comparable to the R&D statistics from other EU-member states and OECD-countries. The statistics is from 2007-2016 comparable. There was a break in time series from 2016 to 2017. From 2017-2023 the statistics is comparable., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The statistics are published in Focus On Statistics Denmark (Nyt fra Danmarks Statistik) and are available from Statistics Denmark's website at https://www.dst.dk/fui and from the database StatBank Denmark (https://www.dst.dk/statistikbanken). The statistics can also be found at the Eurostat databases (under the STI-domain). For the years 2012-2020 Statistics Denmark published a more extensive publication concerning R&D and innovation: "Innovation og Forskning 2020" (Innovation and research 2020).The publication is available (Danish only) on https://www.dst.dk, Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/business-enterprise-research-and-development--berd-

Documentation of statistics

About microdata schemes

Statistics Denmark’s Research Services makes data available to authorised institutions for specific research, fact-finding and analytical tasks. Access to data can be granted under various data schemes depending on the institution or the project to which you seek access., The researcher scheme , Researchers and other analysts from authorised institutions can create a project with access to Statistics Denmark’s register data. , Read more about authorisation of institutions, The project database scheme , The project database scheme is intended for institutions that are continuously creating projects with significant overlap in data content. Under this scheme, it is not allowed to carry out research directly on the project database, and the scheme must not be used for projects or tasks that are not directly related to the purpose of the project database. Furthermore, the institution must have one or more employees at who can serve as project database managers, of whom at least one can functions as an administrator. The duties of the project database manager include population generation, data extraction etc. as well as ongoing communication with Statistics Denmark., If you want to apply for a project database to be set up, you must contact the Project database group at , FSEProjektdatabase@dst.dk, ., More on the project database scheme, An authorised institution can have a maximum of one project database. The project database is a collection of pseudonymised microdata. It is used over time for multiple projects (called subprojects) under the relevant project database scheme., For the project database, data is selected from Statistics Denmark’s databank of basic data and, if relevant, data from other sources (such as the institution’s own data). The data content in project databases is subject to the data minimisation principle, and for that reason, data in a project database must be applied in several subprojects., In the project database scheme, the project database is called the main project. Other projects in the project database scheme are subprojects of the project database. The authorised institution that owns the project database therefore owns both the main project and the subprojects in the scheme., The target group of the project database scheme is institutions that:, are authorised for microdata schemes at Statistics Denmark., have at least five active projects with significantly overlapping data., continuously extend their project portfolio with new subprojects with significant overlap in the underlying data., Terms of a project database scheme, Project databases are subject to the following terms:, The institution is required to appoint one to three experienced project database managers who will be the assigned liaison officers with Statistics Denmark. Only project database managers get access to the actual project database., The project database and subprojects are subject to the data minimisation principle., The user must pay for all costs associated with the creation, operation and maintenance of the relevant project database. Subprojects are considered regular projects and are handled and invoiced separately., You can keep a project database going for as long as it is used for active subprojects. The project database can only be preserved as long as it is used for subprojects to an extend that is consistent with the data made available in the project database. The project database can thus be limited or discontinued if Statistics Denmark estimates that this is no longer the case., The authority scheme, The authority scheme makes microdata available to Danish institutions that carry out tasks for the authorities, i.e. departments, agencies and directorates, regions and municipalities. The scheme meets the demand for ad hoc analyses with tight deadlines. , Read more about the Authority scheme,  (in Danish), Data confidentiality and access rules, Access to data is given in agreement with the principles of the General Data Protection Regulation, especially article 5(1)(c): , “Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and limited to what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which they are processed (‘data minimisation’).” , This also applies to section 10 of the Danish Data Protection Act: , “Data as mentioned in Article 9(1) and Article 10 of the General Data Protection Regulation may be processed where the processing takes place for the sole purpose of carrying out statistical or scientific studies of significant importance to society and where such processing is necessary in order to carry out these studies.” , Read more on Statistics Denmark’s Data confidentiality policy and Information security policy 

https://www.dst.dk/en/TilSalg/data-til-forskning/mikrodataordninger/om-mikrodataordninger

Certification of users

All users working with data in one of Statistics Denmark’s microdata schemes must achieve certification. The certification ensures that everybody knows the data security rules under Statistics Denmark’s microdata schemes and feels safe using and transferring data. To ensure continued high focus on the data security rules, all users must subsequently achieve re-certification once a year.,  , Certification in practice, In practice, the certification takes place via Denmark’s Data Portal, where you must pass a test with questions on the data security rules described in , Research Services data security rules under the microdata schemes (pdf), . It is a good idea to read the rules before you start. You have three attempts per day to pass., See the video guide for user certification (in Danish), This is how you do it:, Log into Denmark’s Data Portal with your three/four-character ident and password., On your landing page, select the window ‘Learning and certification’. , Then select the tab ‘Certifications’. If it does not drop down automatically, click the small blue arrow., Answer the certification questions by clicking ‘Start certification’ and ‘OK’ in the info box that pops up., Answer the questions by clicking the option you believe to be correct., When you have answered all the questions, you click the button ‘Submit answer’, which has turned blue meanwhile., If you answer all ten questions correctly, you have passed the certification and you are considered able to handle data in accordance with our data security rules., Under ’Result’, your status will be indicated as ’Passed’, and a green info box appears with the text ’Congratulations, you have passed’., Under ’Resultat’ vil din status figurere som ’Bestået’, og der vises en grøn infoboks med teksten ’Tillykke, du har bestået’. , If you do not answer all ten questions correctly, you can see under ’Result’ how many questions you answered incorrectly in your attempt and how many remaining attempts you have. Furthermore, a red info box appears with the text ‘Sorry, you have not passed’., a) If you have more attempts left and want to re-take the test, press ’Certification front page’ and start over. Note that you have three attempts per day and that the questions change from time to time. Consider re-visiting the data security rules, before you try again., b) If you do not have any attempts left, your access to your projects will be locked for 24 hours. The small watch icon indicates when the 24 hours are up. After that, you can take the test again., The certification questions, The test contains questions about the data security rules (, data security rules under the microdata schemes (pdf), ). Since Statistics Denmark’s data security rules may differ from the practice in other institutions, it is important to read and know the rules under the microdata schemes. Knowing the rules is also the basis for answering the ten certification questions correctly. , Read more about the data security rules under Rules on transfer of analysis results , The questions are about access to researcher machines, pseudonymisation, transfer rules and working in general with data. Below you will find an example of a question that you can encounter in the certification test:, Question 1:, You have collected a survey that you are working on locally. You have registered the survey with the Danish Data Protection Agency, so the permits are in place. You have also sent the survey to Statistics Denmark to have the option of linking the survey with register data on the researcher server. Which is the correct statement?, Reply options:, a. You are allowed to download/transfer microdata from the survey that you have uploaded yourself., b. The only microdata you are not allowed to transfer, is microdata provided by Statistics Denmark to your project., c. Retrieval of microdata is never allowed regardless of data source.

https://www.dst.dk/en/TilSalg/data-til-forskning/brugeradgang/certificering-af-brugere

Documentation of statistics: International labour cost indices (Discontinued)

Contact info, Personal Finances and Welfare , Uwe Pedersen , +45 23 72 65 69 , UWP@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, International Labour Cost Indices 2022 Quarter 3 , Previous versions, International Labour Cost Indices 2020 Quarter 1, International Labour Cost Indices 2019, International Labour Cost Indices 2015 Quarter 2, International Labour Cost Indices 2015 Quarter 1, International Labour Cost Indices 2014 Quarter 1, The purpose of publishing the international labour cost indices is to compare trends in earnings and other labour costs in the private sector in Denmark with trends in the EU countries and the US. The figures for the EU countries are collected from EU’s statistical office, Eurostat, which publishes the figures on their homepage on a quarterly basis. Eurostat collects information from each member state’s national statistical institution. The U.S. figures are collected by the U.S. Department of Labour, Bureau of Labor Statistics, which publishes their figures on their own homepage. , The international labour cost indices are not directly comparable with the national indices of average earnings., Statistical presentation, The indices are published on a quarterly basis to show developments of the Danish and other countries labour costs in an international setting. The figures from EU member countries are based on EU-harmonized regulations. It is expected that the harmonization will extend gradually over time. The numbers are not fully comparable to the Danish national indices of average earnings, which are collected and published quarterly. The international labour cost indices are exclusively published in Statistics Denmark’s quarterly news release , NYT fra Danmarks Statistik, entitled , International Labour Costs, , and where the EU-figures are collected from Eurostat database while the US figures stems from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) database., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, Data is collected from different sources where the data already has gone through statistical processing before being published., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The indices are used to compare and analyze how the Danish labour costs perform in an international setting, as it is an important indicator of the state of play of the Danish competitiveness compared to other countries. The statistics are therefore often mentioned in the daily news press and are often an important feature in the national public debate., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, As the methods used for collection and production of the indices differ in all the countries included in the international labour cost indices, it is only possible to make any conclusions on the accuracy and reliability of the Danish index., In general the reliability of the Danish labour cost index is, due to the size of the sample and the thorough search for errors which is performed, considered to be quite good. This is especially true in the case of the indices on the more aggregate level, such as for the whole business economy or the largest sectors of economic activity. For the smaller sectors of economic activity, the reliability is for natural reasons lower., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The indices are normally published without any delay approximately 80 days after the turn of the quarter being measured. However the dissemination regarding 4th quarter 2019 was delayed due to lacking data on holiday payments, resulting from the transition period in implementing the Danish Holiday Act 2020. Please refer to the description of other uncertainties under S.13.3., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, In 2008 Eurostat changed from using Industry Classification NACE Rev. 1.2 to NACE Rev. 2. Because of this, there is a slight change in the data belonging to the , the private sector, starting from 2008, which was also conveyed in the publications of the statistics. Before this change, the data included the class of industries C-F according to NACE Rev. 1.2. After the change, the sectors of economic activity covered are B-N according to NACE Rev. 2., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The indices are only published in Statistics Denmark's news release , NYT, . The international figures are not available in the Statbank. The figures and other information can instead be found on Eurostat's or BLS' homepages or databases., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/international-labour-cost-indices--discontinued-

Documentation of statistics

Documentation of statistics: Price and Volume Indicators (Discontinued)

Contact info, Food Industries , Mona Larsen , +45 24 81 68 47 , MLA@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Price and Volume Indicators 2017 Quarter 4 , Previous versions, Price and Volume Indicators 2017 Quarter 3, Price and Volume Indicators 2017 Quarter 2, Price and Volume Indicators 2017 Quarter 1, Price and Volume Indicators 2016 Quarter 4, Price and Volume Indicators 2014 Quarter 4, Price and Volume Indicators 2014 Quarter 3, Price and Volume Indicators 2014 Quarter 2, The purpose of these statistics is to show actual changes (monthly, quarterly or yearly) in prices and volumes in agriculture to indicate developments in overall economics in agriculture., A part of the statistics have been calculated since 1956, but since 1976 the most widely definition has been used, which includes horticulture, fur production and products from bees and wild game. Base year in the prices indices is changed every fifth year, and latest base year is 2010., Statistical presentation, The Statistics contains for almost all items, monthly, quarterly and yearly information of agricultural prices, as well on sale products as on most products used in the intermediate consumption including capital formation. Some prices are only obtainable as price indices only, especially regarding intermediate consumption. Furthermore the volumes are shown for animal products. The statistics covers both agriculture and horticulture. , Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, Data for this statistics is collected at different frequencies from multiple sources. The collected data undergoes a simple validation. Once data is validated, aggregation occurs for a portion of data before publication, while other data is published directly., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The statistics is used by the agricultural organizations and the Ministries (primary the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark) to follow the price- and volume developments and to make analyses and forecasts. Furthermore, there is a need in the industry to follow price developments. The statistics cover the need primarily to calculate value added needed for the agricultural gross factor income calculation, which is a part of the National account. , Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, On some products, i.e. horticultural products, qualities and types are several and dynamic. It makes it a little difficult to be sure on the representatively on the prices followed. Concerning input prices based on general price statistics, the situation in agriculture are maybe not fully reflected. Some indices on volumes are indirectly measured based on values and price indices. This method can lead to inaccuracy. The declaration on content on Economic Account for Agriculture and these on animal production includes more information on possible inaccuracy. Because of the very different picture of sources, margins of statistical errors can not be calculated. However, for main output products, i.e. milk and meat, the coverage and accuracy are close to 100 per cent. Prices on cereals and feeding stuff (concentrates) are based on more that 70 per cent of total volume, which ensure high reliability. In general, the accuracy is highest on sales product and less high on intermediate consumption and goods for capital formation., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The statistic is regarded as punctual., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, Not applicable., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The statistics are published in "Landbrug, gartneri og skovbrug" (Agriculture) appearing in the series "NYT fra Danmarks Statistik" (Statistical News) and in the annual publications Statistical Yearbook, Statistical Ten-Year Review and "Jordbrugets prisforhold". Results are available in tables in http://www.statbank.dk, on monthly, quarterly and yearly basis: LPRIS10, LPRIS15, LPRIS20, LPRIS25, LPRIS30 and LPRIS35., The statistics are published quarterly in the series "Nyt fra Danmarks Statistik" (Statistical News). In the Statbank are the data unter the subject , Priser og prisindeks for jordbrug, . , Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/price-and-volume-indicators--discontinued-

Documentation of statistics

Documentation of statistics: Regional Accounts

Contact info, Government Finances , Ulla Ryder Jørgensen , +45 51 49 92 62 , URJ@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Regional Accounts 2023 , Previous versions, Regional Accounts 2022, Regional Accounts 2021, Regional Accounts 2020, Regional Accounts 2019, Regional Accounts 2018, Regional Accounts 2017, Regional Accounts 2016, Regional Accounts 2015, Regional Accounts 2014, Regional Accounts 2013, Regional Accounts 2012, The purpose of regional accounts is to describe the economic activity in the regions and provinces within the framework of national accounts definitions and classifications. The accounts are compiled in accordance with the guidelines set out in ESA2010 and are comparable with regional accounts for other European countries. Regional accounts are published at the NUTS II level (regions) and NUTS III level (provinces). Regional accounts have been compiled since 1999., Statistical presentation, Regional accounts describe the geographical dimension of production and income conditions as these are compiled in the national accounts using the production approach. The regional allocation aims at adding production etc. to the region where production takes place. , Regional accounts contain information on GDP, gross value added, gross fixed capital formation, compensation of employees and employment. Moreover the household sector's incomes are compiled. The regional allocation of the household income is based on the residence of the households and not where the incomes are earned., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, The statistics are based on regional versions of the national accounts' sources, where this is possible. The main sources are Accounting Statistics for Non-agricultural Private Sector and General Government Finances Statistics. The sources are used either directly or as a distribution key. The regional accounts are revised in line with the publication rhythm of the national accounts. The final figures for the regional accounts are therefore not available until three years after the end of the reference period., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, National and regional accounts are relevant for all, who deal with economic and regional matters., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, Regional accounts are subject to the same margins of uncertainty as the annual national accounts and the inaccuracy here relates to the inaccuracy of the various sources used. However, the conceptual consistency and over time uniform adaptation of the sources contribute to reduce the inaccuracy of the national accounts figures. In particular, the combination of the primary sources into a coherent system in many cases reveals errors, which are therefore not reflected in the final national accounts. With regard to the regional dimension the following factors can be mentioned:, Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, First version of regional accounts is published 12 month after the reference year. Final regional accounts are published 3 years after the reference year. Regional accounts have a high degree of punctuality, Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, Regional accounts are consistent with the national accounts, as the sum of the figures for each region with respect to each individual variable is equal to the national accounts value for the same variables. Consequently, each variable can be interpreted in the same manner as the national accounts variables. Regional accounts are based on guidelines set out in ESA2010 and are thereby directly comparable with other regional accounts from the EU Member States. Consistent time series are available for 1993 onwards., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, These statistics are published in a Danish press release. In the StatBank, these statistics can be found under , Regional accounts , . For more information visit the subject page on , Regional accounts , ., Regional accounts by 38 industries and 11 provinces/5 regions are available (at a charge). Furthermore regional data can be provided (at a charge) for groups of municipalities with a joint population of at least 100.000 inhabitants.In addition GDP and other non-industry data is available for municipalities with a population of at least 10.000 inhabitants., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/regional-accounts

Documentation of statistics

Information security and data confidentiality

Strong protection of personal data is essential for the population and the corporate sector to trust Statistics Denmark. This fundamental relationship of trust is necessary for us to collect information for the official statistics, which is indispensable in an open democratic society. , Important documents, Data Confidentiality Policy at Statistics Denmark 2024 (pdf), Statistics Denmark's Information security policy 2025 (pdf), Accordingly, Statistics Denmark has extensive procedures and systems to protect the information on Danish citizens and enterprises in our systems, and we focus on continuously ensuring maximum data security. , Our measures are aimed at two types of risks; , external, , e.g. hackers, and , internal, , i.e. from our employees and from users with special permission to use data with us. , To protect against external parties gaining access to confidential information, we do the following:, We never store confidential information outside our security zone, and we use encrypted or secure lines when we retrieve or receive information., We use state-of-the-art IT security solutions and professional advisers., We continuously update our security solutions in accordance with good practice, including ISO 2700x and requirements from the Danish Agency for Digitisation and the Danish Centre for Cyber Security., We continuously maintain the competencies of our employees regarding IT security., Independent supervisors perform tests attempting to break our security. In this way, we are able to prevent security issues and immediately bridge any security gaps., To ensure that our employees and authorised users comply with the rules, we do the following:, We make sure that our employees know our rules on data confidentiality and information security, that all employees have signed a non-disclosure agreement and that non-compliance will have serious consequences in terms of employment., On a regular basis, we check that the employee has access to nothing but information that is strictly necessary for their tasks., We register (log) which data sets each employee uses. In 2015, we have extended the logging of searches in data, as directed by the Data Protection Agency in July 2014., External users, e.g. research scientists, must be approved and only have access to information where civil registration numbers (CPR nos) etc. have been replaced with serial numbers that do not allow you to identify people., When external users use Statistics Denmark’s data, we continuously log and check if they comply with data confidentiality requirements. Non-compliance may result in exclusion from using data in Statistics Denmark.,  , ISO 27001-certification, In 2023, Statistics Denmark has completed an ISO certification process and have been re-certified in accordance with  ISO/IEC 27001:2022 by the international and independent certification body , DNV, . , The scope, i.e. the area that has been checked and ISO 27001 certified, is “IT and business processes in the statistics production, including data collection and the Danish Business Portal, in accordance with Statement of Applicability”. , With the ISO 27001 certification and the continuous audit reviews with accompanying audit reports (ISAE 3000 reports) in a number of different customer focused business areas, Statistics Denmark has external and independent documentation for a unique and systematic focus on data confidentiality and information security. , In this way, the certification and the audit reports reflect what characterises Statistics Denmark: a public organisation that lives, thinks and practises information security – every day without exception., About ISO 27001, ISO 27001 is an international management standard for information security, the purpose of which it is to e.g. set up systems for the protection of valuable information and personal data in a secure and reliable way. Among other things, ISO 27001 sets requirements to risk management, documentation of processes as well as the distribution of roles and responsibilities for information security. Furthermore, the purpose of ISO/IEC 27001 is to achieve efficient information security management as well as secure processes for continuous improvement. It means that the information security is constantly updated., Data confidentiality policy, Confidentiality in the handling of statistical products and other data materials is about protecting the statistical units against disclosure of information requiring confidentiality. This applies with respect to the surrounding world as well as Statistics Denmark’s employees., Rules to maintain data confidentiality are implemented in the data confidentiality policy with associated disclosure and statistical confidentiality guidelines as well as in the fixing of individual access rights to confidential information in Statistics Denmark., Data Confidentiality Policy at Statistics Denmark 2024 (pdf), Information security policy, Statistics Denmark's Information security policy 2025 (pdf), Privacy policy, In connection with your use of Statistics Denmark’s websites, we collect information about you. It is important to us that you feel safe using Statistics Denmark’s websites and for this purpose, we have prepared a Privacy policy., Privacy Policy, GDPR, In Statistics Denmark, we focus much attention on meeting the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Danish Data Protection Act, which supplements GDPR., Statistics Denmark’s compliance with GDPR (in Danish),  

https://www.dst.dk/en/OmDS/strategi-og-kvalitet/datasikkerhed-i-danmarks-statistik

Documentation of statistics: National Accounts

Contact info, National Accounts, Climate and Environment, Economic Statistics , Christina Just Brandstrup , +45 21 45 52 79 , CJB@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, National Accounts 2024 , Previous versions, National Accounts 2023, National Accounts 2022, National Accounts 2021, National Accounts 2020, National Accounts 2019, National Accounts 2018, Annual national accounts, total economy 2017, Annual national accounts, total economy 2016, Annual national accounts, total economy 2015, Annual national accounts, total economy 2014, Annual national accounts, total economy 2013, The national accounts are a description of a country's economy and its development. It consists of a description of the economy as whole and the economic transactions between individuals, companies and institutions. The national accounts also include transactions between Denmark and abroad. The first Danish national accounts date back to the 1930's. Consistent time series of annual national accounts goes back to 1966, while quarterly national accounts are available as of first quarter 1990., Statistical presentation, The National Accounts provide an overview of the activities and developments in the Danish economy. The statistics include figures for economic aggregates such as gross domestic product (GDP), household consumption, government finances, investment, export and import, employment and wages, and profits and productivity in the various industries. In addition, there are figures for the many subdivisions that can illuminate different 'sections' throughout the Danish economy., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, Virtually all available economic statistics are applied as data sources when making the national accounts. When the first version for a given period is prepared, it takes place before all information about the period is available. Then the calculations are made on the basis of the structure of the latest final national accounts, which is projected with indicators from, for example, cyclical statistics. When new sources are ready, they are continuously incorporated into the national accounts according to a fixed rhythm. Three years after a given period, the national accounts are considered to be final., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The National Accounts are relevant to anyone involved in economic matters ranging from the economic ministries use of the National Accounts in planning, analysis, forecasting and modeling purposes for industry organizations and other similar organizations, to the general interest in knowledge of the economy’s structure and development. The National Accounts division is evaluating feedback from users at an ongoing basis., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, The ability of the National Accounts to describe the economic reality accurately partly depends on the uncertainty associated with the sources and partly on the model assumptions underlying the calculation of the national accounts. Some parts can be calculated more accurately than others, as there is better access to source data. The first versions for a period's national accounts will be more uncertain than the final version, which comes after three years, as new sources are continuously revised., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The first version of the quarterly national accounts is published 50 days after the end of the quarter. In connection with the publication of the fourth quarter at the end of February, the first version of the annual national accounts is also published. Almost two and a half years after the end of the year, the final annual and quarterly national accounts are published in June. The national accounts are published in a timely manner., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The national accounts are prepared in accordance with international guidelines and will therefore be comparable across countries. The current guidelines were implemented in 2014 and are used to revise the national accounts back to 1966. The national accounts reflect all parts of the economy, so most economic statistics contain figures that have their counterparts in the national accounts. However, be careful to compare figures from the national accounts with other economic statistics, as the transition is often complicated by different definitions and requirements for coverage. However, the national accounts are in full compliance with the balance of payments and government finance statistics., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The National Accounts statistics are published in the StatBank under , Economy, and , National accounts, . The publications are accompanied by Danish press releases., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/national-accounts

Documentation of statistics

Documentation of statistics: Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector

Contact info, Business Dynamics, Business Statistics , Jeppe Strandgaard Herring , +45 24 44 43 06 , JHR@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2024 , Previous versions, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2023, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2022, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2021, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2020, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2019, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2018, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2017, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2016, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2015, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2014, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2013, Accounts Statistics for Non-Agricultural Private Sector 2012, The purpose of Accounts statistics is to analyze the activity level and of the structure of the Danish business sector. This means that the statistics should be seen as a primary source of financial data for analytical studies of Danish business enterprises, including data required for the evaluation and conception of Government policies and decisions affecting the business community. Moreover, the accounts statistics are an essential input to the Danish national accounts statistics., Statistical presentation, The statistics annually show enterprises income statements, balance sheets, and investments both at the enterprise level and at the establishment level. The statistical basis includes detailed accounting items, including revenue, consumption of goods, expenses, annual results, assets, liabilities, and investments. The accounting statistics for private urban businesses do not include agriculture, fishing, ports, financial institutions, insurance, public housing companies, public administration, etc. The statistics only cover market activity. The statistics are published in "News from Statistics Denmark" and in the "StatBank.", Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, Information is obtained annually from a sample of enterprises using online reporting. The online questionnaire follows the Danish Financial Statements Act as much as possible, and the information obtained undergoes a systematic troubleshooting in Statistics Denmark. Data is supplemented with data from several other sources. Based on the collected and other data, values ​​for all variables are calculated for the full population., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, Applications: studies of business economics, regional finance studies, primary data for the Danish national accounts and for Eurostat's structural business statistics. Users: Public authorities, Eurostat, employers' and employees' federations, private firms, politicians, economists, scientist, journalists and students., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, The statistics provide a reliable picture of the financial situation of the Danish business community, as it is based on a broad sample, administrative data and is based on detailed accounts. Most confident is the statistics at the enterprise level, as the annual accounts are made at this level., It is assumed that the enterprises in which information is received from SKAT and the Danish Business Authority, in the same industries and with the same ownership form, are comparable with the enterprises in the sample. Furthermore, it is assumed that enterprises with less than 5 employees are comparable to enterprises with 6-10 employees, for enterprises that do not have a large VAT turnover (industry dependent but typically at least DKK 150 million)., Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, The statistics are usually published provisionally approx. 6 months after and finally approx. 12 months after the last closing date (April 30) and usually without delay in relation to the announced time., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, The new type of accounts statistics is largely comparable with, and supplemented by, the SKAT data based accounts statistics which were discontinued after 1998. Statistics Denmark publishes statistics on various subjects related to business accounts, notably VAT-related turnover, manufacturers' sales of commodities, and short-term statistics of order books and sales. However, these statistics are not directly comparable with the accounts statistics, because of differences in units, coverage or concepts., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The statistics are published in , NYT from Statistics Denmark, in Danish, . In StatBank data are published under the subject , Enterprise finance and accounts, ., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/accounts-statistics-for-non-agricultural-private-sector

Documentation of statistics

Documentation of statistics: Population Projections

Contact info, Population and Education, Social Statistics , Annika Klintefelt , +45 23 31 14 33 , AKF@dst.dk , Get documentation of statistics as pdf, Population Projections 2025 , Previous versions, Population Projections 2024, Population Projections 2023, Population Projections 2022, Population Projections 2021, Population Projections 2020, Population Projections 2019, Population Projections 2018, Population Projections 2017, Population Projections 2016, Population Projections 2015, Population Projections 2014, A population projection gives an estimate of the size and composition of the future population with respect to sex, age, municipality and origin. The estimate is subject to a number of conditions and assumptions on migration, mortality and fertility. The projection is based on the assumption that the development in recent years continues. Often the development in e.g. in-migration is different from what was assumed and, for that reason, the projection will typically not match the actual development exactly., Statistics Denmark has prepared population projections since 1963. Since 2010, the projections have been produced in collaboration with DREAM (Danish Research Institute for Economic Analysis and Modelling), which is an independent institution whose purpose it is to develop and maintain tools for structural policy analysis. , Statistical presentation, Based on the projection for all of Denmark, Statistics Denmark subsequently makes projections that can be disaggregated by sex, age, provinces and municipalities. As part of the projections, figures are also available on demographic changes in terms of liveborn children, deaths, immigrants and emigrants., Read more about statistical presentation, Statistical processing, The population projections are based on historical data regarding the composition of the population in terms of sex, age and ancestry as well as fertility, mortality, immigration and emigration, and internal migration., Assumptions on the future development in fertility, mortality and migration are necessary to be able to make the projections., The projections are made every year using the population on 1 January. They are released in the beginning of May., A projection is made for the whole country as well as projections for the 11 provinces and 98 municipalities., Read more about statistical processing, Relevance, The projections for municipalities are widely used by the municipalities, and they create the basis for the municipalities’ own projections, which often incorporate a number of local factors that are not part of Statistics Denmark’s projections. The municipalities may use the projections in their planning of institutions, schools and the need for nursing homes in the future. Local media across the country take great interest in Statistics Denmark’s projection., Read more about relevance, Accuracy and reliability, The population projection is built on previous years’ development and is an estimate of the population development. The estimate is subject to a number of conditions and assumptions on migration, mortality and fertility. The projection is based on the assumption that the development seen in recent years will continue. Often the development in e.g. in-migration is different from what was assumed and, for that reason, the projection will typically not match the actual development exactly., In 2024 the projection for Denmark was 0.1 percentage points below actual population growth. To a wide extent, the uncertainty at municipal level is linked to the fact that local development plans and local decisions are not part of the model. Especially in 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has created uncertainty. In 2024, 60 per cent of the municipalities were within minus 0.5 percentage points of the actual population growth the first year. , Read more about accuracy and reliability, Timeliness and punctuality, Statistics have been published as announced without delay in the month of May or June., Read more about timeliness and punctuality, Comparability, Each projection is a new set of statistics and must not be used for time series together with previous projections., With the projection 2010, Statistics Denmark made the projection for all of Denmark for the first time in collaboration with DREAM, and in connection with this, a switch was made to a new projection model based on DREAM’s previous model., Read more about comparability, Accessibility and clarity, The population projections are published in Nyt fra Danmarks Statistik (Statistics Denmark’s news series in Danish) under the subject , Population projections, . For further information, go to the subject page for these statistics., Read more about accessibility and clarity

https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/dokumentation/documentationofstatistics/population-projections

Documentation of statistics